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Chumash
The Hebrew term Chumash (Hebrew חומש)
is a term for Torah in printed form as opposed to the torah
scroll. The word comes from Hebrew word 'five', chamesh
[חמש].
A more formal term is Chamishah Chumshei Torah, 'five fifth
of Torah'. It is a Hebrew name for the Five Books of Moses, also
know by the Latinised Greek term Pentateuch in common
editions.
In modern Jewish practice:
A printed Chumash usually sets out the Hebrew text
of the Torah with vowel points and cantillation marks, separated
into its 54 constituent weekly Torah portions (parashiyyot),
together with the hahtarah for each portion and, often,
translations and notes.
A Chumash-Rashi also contains the Targum of
Onkelos and the commentary of Rashi, and usually has no
vernacular translation of the text.
A Tikkun soferim sets out, in parallel columns, the
unvocalised text of the Pentateuch as it would appear in a Torah
scroll and the normal printed text as it appears in a Chumash;
it sometimes includes haftarot and the five megillot.
It exists as an aid for Torah scribes and for those preparing to
read from the Sefer Torah in the synagogue.
A multi-volume set in Hebrew
only, often but not always including the entire Tanakh with
masoretic notes (sometimes), Targumim and several classical
commentaries, is referred to as Mikraot Gedolot 'Great
Scriptures'.
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